It is a very long post; but it would be far shorter if you ignored the first two sections - the introduction on the development of the Pierides Foundation Museum, and the sigh of disappointment at an example of nonsense.
Nonetheless, the find-spots and acquisition dates of antiquities in the Demetrios Zeno Pierides Collection, and its successor Pierides Foundation Museum Collection, clearly show cross-ethnic looting, as part of a bicommunal illicit antiquities trade, during the Cyprus Conflict.
The Pierides Foundation Museum
Demetrios Zeno Pierides' grandfather, Demetrios Pierides, began the family's antiquity collecting, between 1839 and 1895. One part of Demetrios Pierides' collection became the George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides Collection.
(The first) Zeno Demetrios Pierides inherited the other part of Demetrios Pierides' collection; and he continued collecting between 1895 and 1911.
Luke (or Louki) Zeno Pierides inherited the collection and added to it between 1911 and 1933. (His brother, the first) Demetrios Zeno Pierides inherited and added to it between 1933 and 1943.
(The second) Zeno Demetrios Pierides inherited and added to it between 1943 and 1967. (The second) Demetrios Zeno Pierides inherited and added to it between 1967 and 1974.
D. Z. Pierides, is a 'conscientious patriot' (Leriou, 2008: 2). Antiquities collecting is a 'family tradition', and D. Z. Pierides has 'archaeo-philia' (Leriou, 2008: 7). However, his collecting is also 'nationalist-political': he believes '[antiquities] rescue' is an 'almost sacred task' (Leriou, 2008: 7).
In 1974, D. Z. Pierides established the Pierides Foundation Museum. Later the same year, to salvage artefacts unearthed in the 'systematic looting and illicit antiquities trade' in Turkish-occupied northern Cyprus, Pierides 'intensified' his collecting (Leriou, 2008: 6).
Since the 10th of August 2000, the Museum of the Pierides Foundation has been the Pierides Archaeological Museum, Laiki Group Cultural Centre (because the Laiki Group contributed to its conservation).
Nonsense
It is (somehow, still) disappointing to hear archaeologists praising looted antiquities, particularly when the same archaeologists have shown looting's destructiveness, as Karageorghis (et al, 2002: 145; 170) did when he quietly noted that private collections had too few difficult-to-transport statues and difficult-to-conserve metals.
Yet in his publication of Demetrios Zeno Pierides' collection, then Cypriot antiquities director Vassos Karageorghis (1973: 12) argued that,
Ancient objects in private collections are certainly of much less value than those found in proper excavations, but the advantage of the former lies in the fact that they are usually complete and of good artistic quality.Artefacts in private collections are 'usually complete and of good artistic quality' because they are usually looted to sell as art; collectors do not normally want incomplete works of art, so looters do not loot them.
There are the same numbers and proportions of complete, aesthetically-pleasing artefacts in tombs that are archaeologically-excavated as there are in tombs that are looted.
The only difference is that archaeologists carefully and scientifically document, remove and preserve all of the artefacts they find, even if they are neither complete, nor aesthetically-pleasing.
Looters clandestinely steal only the aesthetically-pleasing artefacts, and destroy, damage or discard every other artefact they find.
For example, 'dozens of tombs' in the cemetery of Frangoavgolia ('about half way' between Greek Cypriot Patriki and Turkish Cypriot Avgolida), and an associated sanctuary's rubbish dump, were looted in late 1970 (Karageorghis, 1971b: 27).
Again showing that Karageorghis must have known he was wrong in his praise of private collections of looted antiquities, he observed that,
the looters discovered accidentally a deposit of fragmentary terracotta figures which they disturbed, carrying away those which were more or less complete (Karageorghis, 1971b: 27).Looters find just as many broken artefacts as archaeologists (or more, because they dig less carefully and break more things themselves): they just leave the aesthetically-unpleasant rubbish behind. Archaeologists study the rubbish as well, because it tells them a lot about people's lives.
Karageorghis also claimed that,
Ancient objects in private collections... can contribute to our knowledge of typological and artistic variations and developments within groups of objects, the chronology and provenance of which have already been attested by proper excavations.Yet looting destroys the context that gives meaning to typological and artistic change. It is difficult or impossible to know of, let alone understand, economic, social or cultural change when you do not know either where or when someting was made, used and left.
A looted artefact might have been made at an earlier or later date than all excavated examples; it might have come from a different place than all excavated examples; but looting destroys the possibility of knowing that happened, let alone understanding why.
Moreover, even if it were irrelevant where and when an artefact was made, used and left, private collections do not only have "extra" or "spare" versions of scientifically-excavated artefacts.
Private collections often have unique pieces, like #25 in the Demetrios Zeno Pierides Collection, which was 'unique in its type' (1) (Karageorghis, 1962: 390); or like artefact #156 in the George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides Collection, which was 'unique in the coroplastic art of Cyprus' (Karageorghis et al, 2002: 133).
Karageorghis should have said simply, '[a]ncient objects in private collections are certainly of much less value than those found in proper excavations'.
The Pierides Foundation Collection
Unfortunately, I have not seen any inventories of the Demetrios Zeno Pierides' collection from before 1972, so it is impossible to tell how many artefacts were collected before conflict, and how many were collected during conflict, between December 1963 and June 1972.
Nonetheless, by June 1972, Demetrios Zeno Pierides had inherited and collected 2,236 antiquities (Pierides, 1973: 9).
We know that Demetrios Zeno Pierides, his mother Theodora Pierides and his sister Loukia Clerides collected approximately 964 conflict antiquities between June 1972 and June 1974, because they added 'about 800' to the Pierides Foundation Collection between 1974 and 2008, whereupon it had 'about 4,000' (Leriou, 2008: 6; 2).(2)
The Pierides Foundation Museum's conflict antiquities
In Karageorghis's (1985: 14) telling of Cypriot history, in late December 1963, 'the Turkish Cypriots had started their policy of discession [sic – secession]'.
Whole cemeteries which were in areas of [enclaved] Turkish Cypriot villages were looted and numerous antiquities were to be found on the antiquities market....Unable to prevent enclaved Turkish Cypriots looting antiquities, or foreigners buying looted antiquities,
it was decided that it would be advantageous to pursue a policy by which Greek Cypriots were allowed to buy antiquities looted by Turkish Cypriots.Karageorghis (1985: 14) modestly acknowledged that 'a number' of private collections of looted antiquities were established between 1963 and 1973, then legalised; it was more than 1,250 (Hadjisavvas, 2001: 135).
As part of this supposed antiquities rescue, Demetrios Z. Pierides bought lots of looted antiquities, 'in consultation with the Department of Antiquities' (Karageorghis, 1985: 14).
Furthermore,... he bought [antiquities] on the foreign markets after they had been illicitly exported from Cyprus (Karageorghis, 1985: 14).
Numbers, and problems
Unfortunately, we cannot assume that a scholarly-published artefact was a scientifically-excavated artefact.
In their publication, Karageorghis (1962: 390) was only willing to say that the 1973 inventory's #25 and #26 might have been 'found in the region of Larnaca' (3). Equally, the 1973 inventory's #34 was published, but its find-spot '[wa]s not known' (4) (Karageorghis, 1971a: 368).
In circumstances strikingly similar to the looting of Frangoavgolia in 1970, a sanctuary's rubbish dumps near Greek Cypriot Pomos had been looted in 1953. The details also bring to mind Karageorghis's observation of collectors only taking the heads of statues.
The family's collector at the time, Zeno Demetrios Pierides, had 'a significant number' of statues' heads, '[f]rom a nearby location, without further specification' (5) (Karageorghis, 1966: 342). Three of those heads are artefacts #82, #83 and #84 in the 1973 inventory.
Simultaneously, #82, #83 and #84 demonstrate that publication dates cannot be used as approximate acquisition dates, because they were published during the conflict in 1966, when they had been acquired before the conflict in 1953.
Numbers in 1973
Since Karageorghis (1973: 13) stated that artefacts with find-spots were ones Demetrios Pierides 'acquired himself during recent years' (Karageorghis, 1973: 13), we can safely assume that they were antiquities looted during the conflict (unless acquisition dates show that they were bought before or after the conflict).
So, 3 (2.94%) of the 102 catalogued artefacts were probably excavated artefacts from old archaeological digs; but 99 (97.06%) were probably looted.
Of those 99, 3 were definitely looted before the conflict, probably by Greek Cypriots; and 80 had no information whatsoever, so we must assume that they were looted before the conflict (though we know many were actually conflict antiquities).
Of the 16 probably looted during the conflict,
- 2 were from Turkish Cypriot majority mixed Episkopi;
- 3 were from Turkish Cypriot Marki;
- 2 were from Turkish Cypriot Kotsiatis;
- 2 were from Turkish Cypriot Agios Iakovos-Ammochostou;
- 1 was from Turkish Cypriot majority mixed Lefka;
- 1 was from Greek Cypriot Philia;
- 2 were from Greek Cypriot Kalopsida;
- 2 were from ancient Marion (modern Greek Cypriot majority mixed Polis-tis-Chrysochou); and
- 1 was from Greek Cypriot Mandres-Ammochostou.
Numbers in 1985
Again, since Karageorghis (1985: 14) stated that '[w]henever it was possible' when collecting during the conflict, Demetrios Zeno Pierides would record find-spots, we can assume that the few artefacts with find-spots were probably collected during the intercommunal conflict.
All of the 282 artefacts in the 1985 catalogue were probably looted; but 265 had no information whatsoever, so we must assume that they were looted before the conflict (even though we know many were looted during it).
Of the 17 antiquities, probably looted during the conflict,
- 2 were from Turkish Cypriot Marki;
- 3 were from Turkish Cypriot Kotsiatis;
- 2 were from Turkish Cypriot Agios Iakovos-Ammochostou;
- 1 was from Turkish Cypriot majority mixed Episkopi;
- 1 was from Turkish Cypriot Lefka;
- 1 was from Greek Cypriot Philia;
- 2 were from Greek Cypriot Kalopsida;
- 1 was from ancient Kition (modern Greek Cypriot majority mixed Larnaca);
- 2 were from ancient Marion (modern Greek Cypriot majority mixed Polis-tis-Chrysochou);
- 1 was from Greek Cypriot Mandres-Ammochostou; and
- 1 was from Greek Cypriot majority mixed Paphos.
Conclusion
Nearly all of the artefacts in this collection were probably looted.
The catalogues have quite different numbers on the participation of the two communities in the looting: one suggested that Turkish Cypriots made up 62.50% of the looters, and Greek Cypriots 37.50%; the other suggested that Turkish Cypriots made up 52.94% of the looters, and Greek Cypriots 47.06%.
Since the numbers are from the same collection (albeit at different times), we can be confident that the difference is a false problem, created by the small sample size, which is unrepresentative of the collection.
However, that also shows that each set of numbers is unreliable in and of itself (so the true proportions of communities' participation in looting may be very different).
Nevertheless, both sets of numbers show disproportionally high Turkish Cypriot involvement in looting during the Cyprus Conflict. To some extent, this affirms the official history of looting in Cyprus.
It is unsurprising that so many Turkish Cypriot-looted artefacts were in Greek Cypriot private collections, because the Turkish Cypriot community was poor and looting to subsist, and because the Greek Cypriot professional archaeological community supported Greek Cypriot private collectors in buying Turkish Cypriot-looted antiquities.
Yet these numbers also disprove the official history of looting in Cyprus, and undermine the archaeological policy of looted antiquities' "rescue" and looted antiquities collections' legalisation.
The official history claims that Turkish Cypriots outside government control pillaged the island's cultural heritage and sold it to foreign collectors. Thus, the government allowed Greek Cypriots to salvage that plundered cultural heritage by purchasing Turkish Cypriot-looted antiquities off the local and/or international art market.
Yet nearly half of the conflict antiquities that Greek Cypriot collectors bought were Greek Cypriot-looted antiquities (when those looters could and should have been reported to the Greek Cypriot police). This may imply that collectors exploited archaeologists' poorly-thought-out policy to buy any and all of the antiquities they wanted.
Still, it may imply that archaeologists knew that the looting was bicommunal, and allowed the collectors to buy anything from anyone to prevent its illegal export. If that is true, it is evidence not only of disastrous archaeological policy-making, but also of shameless nationalist history-writing.
Comparing the evidence from these catalogues and elsewhere with the histories written (e.g. Hadjisavvas, 2001), it seems that Greek Cypriot archaeologists misled their community and the international community.
It seems that Greek Cypriot archaeologists blamed Turkish Cypriots for crimes committed by both Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots, which were funded by Greek Cypriots, who were supported by the Greek Cypriot administration.
Footnotes
- '[U]nique en son genre' (Karageorghis, 1962: 390).
- So, if Z. D. Pierides did not collect any antiquities between 1964 and 1967, and if D. Z. Pierides had only collected the same amount in the five years between 1967 and 1972 as he did in the two between 1972 and 1974, then there would be about 1,928 conflict antiquities in the collection; but we cannot use even such reasonable guesses.
Equally, we cannot know whether the 1972 inventory's 2,236 objects included looted artefacts collected between 1967 and 1972, or whether they tactfully excluded those looted antiquities until they could be legalised through the 1973 amnesty (in which case, 964 would be the total number of looted antiquities collected between 1967 and 1974). - '[T]rouvés dans la région de Larnaca' (Karageorghis, 1962: 390).
- '[N]'est pas connue' (Karageorghis, 1971a: 368).
- '[U]n nombre important'; '[d]'un endroit avoisinant,... sans plus de précision' (Karageorghis, 1966: 342).
Abbreviations:
- AA (Archäologischer Anzeiger)
- JdI (Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts)
Dikaios, P. 1933: Annual Report of the Cyprus Museum, 1933.
Hadjisavvas, S. 2001: "The destruction of the archaeological heritage of Cyprus". In Brodie, N, Doole, J and Renfrew, C, (Eds.). Trade in illicit antiquities: The destruction of the world’s archaeological heritage, 133-139. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. Available at: http://www.cyprus.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/All/BA4D044F6081C750C2256DC90032C3EC?OpenDocument
Karageorghis, V with Boardman, J, Egetmeyer, M, Guzzo, M G A, Mango, M M, Marquié, S, Merrillees, P H, Michaelidou, L, Nicolaou, I, Papnikola-Bakirtzis, D, Pierides, D Z, Poyaiadji, E, Reyes, A T, Romiopoulou, K, Senff, R, Tassignon, I and Zapiti, E. 2002: Ancient art from Cyprus in the collection of George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides. Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.
Karageorghis, V with Rizopoulou-Egoumenidou, F, Bakirtzi, D and Elliott, C. 1985: Ancient Cypriote art in the Pierides Foundation Museum. Larnaca: the Pierides Foundation.
Karageorghis, V. 1962: "Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques a Chypre en 1961". Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Volume 86, 327-414.
Karageorghis, V. 1963: "Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques a Chypre en 1961". Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Volume 87, 325-387.
Karageorghis, V. 1965: Corpus vasorum antiquorum, Cyprus: Cyprus, fascicule 2, private collections, fascicule 1 – text. Nicosia: Republic of Cyprus Department of Antiquities.
Karageorghis, V. 1966: "Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques a Chypre en 1965". Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Volume 90, 297-389.
Karageorghis, V. 1967: "Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques a Chypre en 1966". Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Volume 91, 275-370.
Karageorghis, V. 1970: "Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques a Chypre en 1969". Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Volume 94, 191-300.
Karageorghis, V. 1971a: "Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques a Chypre en 1970". Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Volume 95, 335-432.
Karageorghis, V. 1971b: "A deposit of Archaic terracotta figures from Patriki, Cyprus". Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 1971, 27-36.
Karageorghis, V. 1973: Cypriote antiquities in the Pierides Collection, Larnaca, Cyprus. Larnaca: Pierides Foundation.
Karageorghis, V. 1999b: "The Severis Collection of Cypriote antiquities". In Karageorghis, V, (Ed.). Ancient Cypriote art in the Severis Collection, 17-18. Athens: Costakis and Leto Severis Foundation.
Karageorghis, V. 2007a: A lifetime in the archaeology of Cyprus: The memoirs of Vassos Karageorghis. Stockholm: Medelhavsmuseet.
Leriou, N. 2008: "Demetrios Pierides and the archaeology of Cyprus". 03ED375 Research Project. Available at: http://www.cypriotarch.gr/download/Demetrios.pdf
Markides, M. 1916: Annual Report of the Curator of Antiquities, 1916.
Merrillees, P H. 2002: "Cylinder seals". In Karageorghis, V with Boardman, J, Egetmeyer, M, Guzzo, M G A, Mango, M M, Marquié, S, Merrillees, P H, Michaelidou, L, Nicolaou, I, Papnikola-Bakirtzis, D, Pierides, D Z, Poyaiadji, E, Reyes, A T, Romiopoulou, K, Senff, R, Tassignon, I and Zapiti, E, (Aus.). Ancient art from Cyprus in the collection of George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides, 265-285. Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.
Öhnefalsch-Richter, M. 1893: Kypros, the Bible and Homer. London: Asher and Co.
Pierides, A. 1971: "Kypriaka teletourgika aggeia [Κυπριακά τελετουργικά αγγεία (Cypriot ritual vessels)]". Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 1971, 18-26.
Pierides, D Z. 1973: "History of the collection". In Karageorghis, V, (Au.). Cypriote antiquities in the Pierides Collection, Larnaca, Cyprus, 9-10. Larnaca: Pierides Foundation.
Pierides, D Z. 2002: "The Pierides family as archaeophiles". In Karageorghis, V, (Ed.). Ancient art from Cyprus in the Collection of George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides, 14-15. Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.
Reyes, A T. 2002: "Stamp seals". In Karageorghis, V with Boardman, J, Egetmeyer, M, Guzzo, M G A, Mango, M M, Marquié, S, Merrillees, P H, Michaelidou, L, Nicolaou, I, Papnikola-Bakirtzis, D, Pierides, D Z, Poyaiadji, E, Reyes, A T, Romiopoulou, K, Senff, R, Tassignon, I and Zapiti, E, (Aus.). Ancient art from Cyprus in the collection of George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides, 286-315. Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.
Data
The Demetrios Zeno Pierides Collection (1973)
1 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 98);
2 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 98);
3 ‘From Episkopi’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 98);
4 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 98);
5 ‘From Margi’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 99);
6 ‘From Kotchati’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 100);
7 ‘From Episkopi’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 100);
8 ‘From Margi’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 102);
9 ‘From Margi’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 103);
10 ‘Probably from Ayios Iakovos’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 103);
11 ‘Probably from the area of Philia’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 103);
12 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 104);
13 ‘From Kotchati’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 104);
14 ‘Probably from Ayios Iakovos’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 104);
15 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 105);
16 ‘Published by: Ohnefalsch-Richter [sic], KBH, pl. LXXV. 7’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 105);
17 ‘From Kalopsidha’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 105);
18 ‘Published by P. Aström [sic], Excavations at Kalopsidha, p. 58, Fig. 69’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 106);
19 ‘Published by P. Aström [sic], Excavations at Kalopsidha, p. 58, Fig. 69’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 106);
20 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 106);
21 ‘From Kalopsidha’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 107);
22 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 107);
23 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 107);
24 ‘Published by A. Pierides in RDAC 1971, 22, no. 6, pl. VIII. 5’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 108); 'Κυπριακόν Μουσεῖον Α908, Λάπηθος Τάφος 50, Άρ. 272 [Cyprus Museum A908, Lapithos Grave 50, Number 272].... Αδημοσίευτος [unpublished]' (Pierides, 1971: 22);
25 ‘Published by Karageorghis, BCH 86 (1962) 390 ff., figs. 89a-b’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 109); 'De la collection de Mr Zenon Pierides de Larnaca… de provenance indubitablement chypriote, et dont on peut même à bon droit supposer qu’ils ont été trouvés dans la région de Larnaca [from the Collection of Mr. Zeno Pierides of Larnaca... of indubitably Cypriot provenance, and it may well be supposed that it was found in the region of Larnaca]' (Karageorghis, 1962: 390);
26 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 86 (1962) 362f., fig. 90’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 109); see note for #25;
27 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 110);
28 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 110);
29 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 111);
30 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 111);
31 ‘Published by F. W. Gœthert, AA 1934, 113, fig. 21’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 111);
32 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 87 (1963) 361, fig. 55’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 112);
33 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 87 (1963) 362, figs. 57a-b’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 113): ‘Pyxis d’époque géométrique de la collection Zeno Pierides’ (Karageorghis, 1963: 362 – fig. 57a; 57b);
34 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 95 (1971) 368ff., fig. 76’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 114); 'La provenance du vase n’est pas connue [the provenance of the vase is not known]' (Karageorghis, 1971a: 368);
35 ‘Published by F. W. Gœthert, AA 1934, 115, fig. 28’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 115);
36 ‘Published by H.-G. Buchholz, JdI 83 (1968) 87f., fig. 16d-e’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 116);
37 ‘From Lefka’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 116);
38 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 117);
39 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 87 (1963) 362f., fig. 58’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 118);
40 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 119);
41 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 120);
42 ‘Published by F. W. Gœthert, AA 1934, 114, fig. 23’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 120);
43 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 121);
44 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 121);
45 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 122);
46 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 123);
47 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 123);
48 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 124);
49 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 124);
50 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 125);
51 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 125);
52 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 126);
53 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 126);
54 ‘Published by F. W. Gœthert, AA 1934, 115, fig. 26’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 127);
55 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 127);
56 ‘Published by F. W. Gœthert, AA 1934, 115, fig. 25’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 128);
57 ‘Published by F. W. Gœthert, AA 1934, 115, fig. 26’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 129);
58 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 129);
59 ‘Provenance: probably Marion’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 129);
60 ‘Provenance: Marion’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 130);
61 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 131);
62 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 131);
63 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 131);
64 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 132);
65 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 132);
66 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 132);
67 ‘Published by F. W. Gœthert, AA 1934, 118, fig. 29’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 133);
68 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 134);
69 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 135);
70 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 136);
71 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 83 (1959 [sic – 1960]) 277ff., fig. 56a-b’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 136);
73 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 138);
74 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 138);
75 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 138);
76 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 91 (1967) 312f., fig. 100’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 139);
77 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 139);
78 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 139);
79 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 140);
80 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 140);
81 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 141);
82 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 90 (1966) 341f., fig. 100’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 141); ‘En 1953, le Service des Antiquités avait ramené au jour des figurines de terre cuite..., provenant des bothroi d’un sanctuaire qui se trouvait près du village de Pomos dans la région de Paphos. D’un endroit avoisinant,... sans plus de précision..., provient un nombre important de têtes de terre cuite, actuellement en la possession de Mr Zenon Pierides [In 1953, the Antiquities Department had brought to light terracotta figurines..., from the bothroi of a sanctuary that was near the village of Pomos in the region of Paphos. From a nearby location, without further specification..., comes a significant number of terracotta heads, now in the possession of Mr. Zenon Pierides]’ (Karageorghis, 1966: 342);
83 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 90 (1966) 141f., fig. 101’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 142); see note for #82;
84 ‘Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 90 (1966) 341f., fig. 102’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 142); see note for #82;
85 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 143);
86 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 143);
87 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 144);
88 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 144);
89 ‘Provenance: Paphos District. [line break] Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 87 (1963) 362f., fig. 59’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 144); 'Cette statue est considérée comme venant de la région de Paphos [this statue is considered to come from the region of Paphos]' (Karageorghis, 1963: 362);
90 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 145);
91 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 145);
92 ‘Provenance: a looted sanctuary near the village of Mandres, Famagusta District. [end of 145, start of 146] [line break] Published by V. Karageorghis, BCH 94 (1970) 234f., fig. 88’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 145-146);
93 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 146);
94 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 146);
95 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 147);
96 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 147);
97 ‘Published by F. W. Gœthert, AA 1934, 115, fig. 27’ (Karageorghis, 1973: 147);
98 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 148);
99 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 148);
100 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 148);
101 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 149);
102 no info (Karageorghis, 1973: 149)
The Pierides Foundation Museum (1985)
1: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 42)
2: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 42)
3: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 42)
4: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 42)
5: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 44)
6: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 44)
7: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 46); N.B. ‘largest Chalcolithic terracotta figure discovered so far in Cyprus’
8: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 48)
9: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 48)
10: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 50)
11: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 50)
12: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 50)
13: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 50)
14: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 52)
15: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 52)
16: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 52)
17: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 52)
18: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 52)
19: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 54)
20: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 54)
21: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 56)
22: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 58)
23: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 58)
24: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 60)
25: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 60)
26: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 60)
27: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 60)
28: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 62)
29: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 62)
30: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 62)
31: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 64)
32: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 64)
33: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 64)
34: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 64)
35: ‘From Margi’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 66)
36: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 68)
37: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 70)
38: ‘Probably from Kotchati’ (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 72)
39: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 74)
40: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 74)
41: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 74)
42: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 76)
43: ‘From Kotchati’ (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 76)
44: ‘From Margi’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 78)
45: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 80)
46: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 80)
47: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 82)
48: ‘Probably from the Philia region’ (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 82)
49: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 82)
50: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 84)
51: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 84)
52: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 86)
53: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 86)
54: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 86)
55: ‘From Kotchati’ (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 86)
56: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 88)
57: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 88)
58: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 90)
59: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 90)
60: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 92)
61: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 92)
62: ‘Probably from Ayios Iakovos’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 92)
63: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 94)
64: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 94)
65: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 96)
66: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 96)
67: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 98)
68: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 98)
69: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 100)
70: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 102)
71: ‘From Episkopi’ (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 102)
72: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 104)
73: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 104)
74: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 104)
75: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 104)
76: ‘From Kalopsidha’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 106)
77: ‘From Kalopsidha’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 106)
78: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 106)
79: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 108)
80: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 108)
81: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 108)
82: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 110)
83: ‘Probably from Ayios Iakovos’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 110)
84: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 110)
85: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 110)
86: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 112)
87: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 112)
88: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 112)
89: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 114)
90: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 114)
91: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 116)
92: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 116)
93: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 118)
94: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 118)
95: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 120)
96: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 120)
97: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 120)
98: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 120)
99: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 122)
100: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 122)
101: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 122)
102: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 124)
103: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 124)
104: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 124)
105: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 126)
106: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 126)
107: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 126)
108: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 128)
109: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 128)
110: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 128)
111: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 128)
112: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 130)
113: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 130)
114: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 130)
115: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 130)
116: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 132)
117: ‘From Kition’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 132)
118: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 132)
119: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 132)
120: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 134)
121: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 134)
122: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 134)
123: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 136)
124: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 138)
125: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 138)
126: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 138)
127: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 138)
128: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 140)
129: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 142)
130: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 142)
131: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 144)
132: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 146)
133: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 146)
134: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 146)
135: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 148)
136: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 150)
137: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 150)
138: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 150)
139: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 150)
140: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 152)
141: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 152)
142: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 154)
143: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 154)
144: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 156)
145: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 156)
146: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 158)
147: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 158)
148: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 158)
149: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 160)
150: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 160)
151: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 160)
152: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 160)
153: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 162)
154: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 164)
155: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 164)
156: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 164)
157: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 166)
158: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 166)
159: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 168)
160: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 170)
161: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 170)
162: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 172)
163: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 172)
164: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 172)
165: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 174)
166: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 176)
167: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 178)
168: ‘From Lefka’ (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 178)
169: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 178)
170: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 180)
171: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 182)
172: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 182)
173: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 182)
174: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 184)
175: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 184)
176: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 184)
177: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 184)
178: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 186)
179: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 188)
180: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 190)
181: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 190)
182: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 190)
183: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 190)
184: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 192)
185: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 192)
186: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 192)
187: ‘Perhaps from Marion’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 194)
188: ‘From Marion, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 194)
189: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 196)
190: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 196)
191: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 196)
192: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 198)
193: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 198)
194: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 198)
195: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 200)
196: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 202)
197: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 202)
198: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 202)
199: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 204)
200: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 204)
201: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 206)
202: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 206)
203: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 206)
204: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 206)
205: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 208)
206: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 208)
207: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 208)
208: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 208)
209: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 210)
210: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 210)
211: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 212)
212: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 212)
213: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 214)
214: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 216)
215: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 216)
216: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 218)
217: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 218)
218: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 218)
219: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 220)
220: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 220)
221: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 220)
222: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 220)
223: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 222)
224: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 222)
225: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 224)
226: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 224)
227: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 226)
228: ‘Provenance: a looted sanctuary near the village of Mandres, Famagusta District’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 228)
229: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 228)
230: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 230)
231: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 230)
232: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 232)
233: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 232)
234: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 234)
235: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 234)
236: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 236)
237: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 236)
238: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 238)
239: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 238)
240: ‘From the Paphos region’, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 240)
241: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 242)
242: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 242)
243: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 242)
244: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 244)
245: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 246)
246: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 246)
247: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 246)
248: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 248)
249: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 250)
250: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 250)
251: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 252)
252: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 252)
253: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 252)
254: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 254)
255: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 254)
256: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 256)
257: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 256)
258: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 258)
259: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 258)
260: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 260)
261: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 262)
262: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 262)
263: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 264)
264: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 264)
265: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 264)
266: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 264)
267: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 266)
268: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 266)
269: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 266)
270: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 268)
271: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 270)
272: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 270)
273: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 270)
274: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 270)
275: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 272)
276: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 272)
277: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 274)
278: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 274)
279: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 274)
280: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 274)
281: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 276)
282: no info, n.d. (Karageorghis et al, 1985: 276)
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